Integrating personality,context, relationship,and emotion type into a model of display rules |
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Authors: | Hung Kit Fok Chin Ming Hui Michael Harris Bond David Matsumoto Seung Hee Yoo |
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Affiliation: | 1. The Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China;2. The Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China;3. The Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, USA;4. The Department of Psychology, Yale University, USA |
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Abstract: | This research sets out to examine individual variations in perceptions of display rules. Based upon Mischel and Shoda’s [Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246–268.] model of the Cognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS), we proposed that extraversion and neuroticism would serve to explain within-cultural individual differences and within-individual differences in endorsement of display rules. To test this hypothesis, participants reported the expressivity level of the display rule they endorsed by responding to the revised version of the Display Rule Assessment Inventory. Multi-level analyses showed that compared to those of introverts, the display rules of extraverts tended to be more suppressive when the relationship was distant rather than close. Extraversion also enhanced a neurotic’s degree of suppression in public compared to private situations. Processes describing how personality interacts with situations in personalizing display rules were offered in light of the CAPS model to account for these interactions between personality and situation in the operation of display rules for emotional expression. |
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Keywords: | Display rules Emotion expression Personality Within-individual differences Multi-level Analysis |
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