基本心理能力老化的中介变量

从整合思路，针对认知老化的四个中介变量建立基本心理能力老化的结构方程模型。样本来自北京三个社区的217位60-85岁的老人。采用计算机化的任务测查五项基本心理能力和加工资源的各项指标。结果表明：(1)感觉功能、加工速度和加工容量是基本心理能力老化的重要中介变量；(2)基本心理能力老化的中介作用表现出层次性。感觉功能是最基础的一层中介作用，它通过加工速度和加工容量间接调节基本心理能力的老化；加工速度对基本心理能力老化的作用受感觉功能的影响，同时也通过加工容量对基本心理能力的老化起作用；加工容量在基本心理能力老化的中介模型中直接与基本心理能力产生联系，但是其61％的变异来自感觉功能和加工速度；(3)负启动测验与颜色词启动测验不能共同表达加工抑制，以颜色词启动值作为观测指标的加工抑制不能进入基本心理能力老化的中介模型。

THE EFFECTS OF MEDIATORS ON THE AGING OF PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES

The theory of processing recourses proposed that sensory function (SF), speed, capacity, and inhibition are four mediators that affect cognitive aging. Seldom has research examined the mediation of all these four factors. Standing on an integrating approach, the present study administered computerized measurements to test the mediators' influences on primary mental abilities (PMA) aging. 217 old adults from three communities of Beijing, with age ranging from 60 to 85, participated in the project. SEM analysis indicated that SF, speed, and capacity are important mediators for PMA aging. SF was a fundamental factor among the mediation for it affected the aging process through both speed and capacity. Capacity was a key factor in the hierarchical mediating model for all the indirect mediations connected with it. However, no significant mediation was found for inhibition when Stroop effect and negative priming were employed as the observing variables.