The enhancement of psychological wellness: Challenges and opportunities |
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Authors: | Emory L Cowen |
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Institution: | (1) University of Rochester Center for Community Study, 575 Mt. Hope Avenue, 14620 Rochester, New York |
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Abstract: | Developed the concept of psychological wellness and made the case that proportionally more resources should be directed to
the pursuit of this goal. Five pathways to wellness are considered, implicating aspects of individual development and the
impact of contexts, settings, and policies. The five pathways are: forming wholesome early attachments; acquiring age- and
ability-appropriate competencies; engineering settings that promote adaptive outcomes; fostering empowerment; and acquiring
skills needed to cope effectively with life stressors. Although these noncompeting pathways have differential salience at
different ages and for different groups and life conditions, each is an essential element in any comprehensive social plan
to advance wellness. Examples of effective programs are cited in all five areas, including recent comprehensive, long-term
programs embodying multiple pathways to wellness.
Some ideas in this paper were first presented in a talk at the W. T. Grant Foundation-sponsored conference on “Risk, Resiliency
and Development,” Kiawah Island, S. Carolina, May 30, 1992. The author gratefully acknowledges support from the Grant Foundation
in writing this article. |
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Keywords: | psychological wellness wellness enhancement |
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