问题解决策略的元认知研究

本研究旨在了解大学生对问题解决策略的理解。通过测试57名大学生对五种问题解决策略(自由产生、类推、逐步分析、形象化重构和整合)在三种情景(人际交往、实际生活和学习过程)三个维度(经常使用、有效性、易于使用)下的评估，发现大学生使用类推策略最多，自由产生策略最少。他们普遍认为这五种策略最适宜于用在学习情景中，在人际交往中的用处不大。这种结果在性别上没有显著性差异。另外．大学生认为几乎每一种策略都需要综合、分析、判断和推理四种思维能力，其中自由产生策略需要用到更多的能力，包括创造能力。

A Metacognitive Research on the Strategies of Problem Solving

The aim of this research was to examine the college students' understanding on the strategies of problem solving. 57 college students was requested to evaluate 5 problem solving strategies (free production, analogy, step by step analysis, visualized reconstruction and combining) on 3 situations (personal interacting, practical living and studying) and 3 dimensions (using frequency, validity, easy use ). The results showed that the students used analogy most and free production least,and they believed that those strategies were apt for studying,but not suitable for personal interacting. We did not find any significant difference between male and female students. The students thought almost all those strategies needed the application of 4 abilities (synthesis, analysis, judgement, reasoning), and more abilities including creativity was involved in free production.