Joint consideration of energy expenditure,air quality,and safety by cyclists |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering and School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, 2029 – 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA;1. Traffic and Engineering Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 23, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;2. Institute of Transportation Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Lilienthalplatz 7, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany;3. Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstraße 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany;1. AVR Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Calle 9 N° 23-55, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Antigua Vía a Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia;3. Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional (SUR) Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E N° 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia;1. School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia;2. School of Psychology and Counselling, CARRS-Q, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia;3. Australia Institute for Health and Biomedical Research, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia;1. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;2. Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Public health benefits are an important motivator and justification for urban cycling promotion. The health impacts of cycling are typically evaluated using three main effect pathways: physical activity (exercise), air pollution exposure, and safety (crashes). Effects of safety on cycling behaviour have been investigated, but little is known about how energy expenditure and air quality concerns influence cycling decisions. Understanding cyclist perceptions and preferences is important for planning and designing sustainable and healthy transportation networks. As such, research providing insights into the heterogeneity of these concerns is needed to inform models of behavioural change with evolving vehicles, technology, and infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to investigate the joint consideration of energy expenditure, air quality, and safety concerns by cyclists, and their relationships with cycling frequency. A structural equation model is developed based on data from a survey of 625 intercepted real-world cyclists. Air quality and energy expenditure were considered in routing decisions by 51% and 73% of the cyclists, respectively. Model results show that traffic safety and air pollution risks are perceived differently by cyclists, which has implications for modeling urban cycling behaviour in the context of evolving motor vehicle fleets. Safety concerns were associated with less frequent cycling, but not air quality concerns. Consideration of energy expenditure varies significantly among individuals and trip types, which will emerge with different preferences related to hills, stops, speeds, and electric-assistance. Energy and air quality concerns were significantly associated, suggesting health-conscious cyclists who tended to be older, have higher educational attainment, be more physically active, and cycle more recreationally. Utilitarian and recreational cycling trips had different relationships with health-related considerations and with weekly physical activity. |
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| Keywords: | Bicycles Travel behaviour Energy expenditure Air quality Safety |
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