Shock-induced fighting (SIF): Psychopharmacological studies

Shock-induced fighting in rats is briefly reviewed and the role of catecholamine serotonin and cholinergic neuromodulation is discussed in terms of specific agonists or antagonists to each system. The balance of action on presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors as well as the interconnections among the various neuromodulating systems help to determine the ultimate behavioral outcome as a response to drugs.