注意水平对视觉工作记忆客体表征的影响

运用单探测的变化检测范式和注意分配程序，两个实验分别考察了由相同维度特征组成的客体和由不同维度特征组成的客体在工作记忆中的表征方式，以及注意对其的作用。实验1用双色框作为客体，实验2用不同颜色的形状作为客体。被试为27名大学生。结果发现，由相同维度特征组成的客体在工作记忆中只能以单一特征为储存单元，且这种储存不受注意水平的影响，可能是一种自动化的过程；由不同维度特征组成的客体在工作记忆中能以整合形式表征，但是这种表征需要集中性注意的参与。该结果表明，在知觉过程中整合起来的信息在储存到工作记忆的过程中时，仍需要消耗注意资源。

EFFECT OF ATTENTIONAL LEVEL ON REPRESENTATION OF OBJECTS IN VISUAL WORKING MEMORY

By using the single-probe change detection paradigm and a divided-attention proc edure, two experiments were conducted in the present study to investigate the ef fects of feature dimension and attentional level on the representation of object s in visual working memory. Fourteen undergraduate volunteers participated in th e first experiment, which was designed to examine whether features within the sa me dimension could be represented based on object, and whether such kind of repr esentation was influenced by attentional level. In the second experiment, eight shapes and colors were combined into objects consisting of features from differe nt dimensions. The representation form of such objects and the role of attention were examined. The results showed: (1) Objects defined by features from the sam e dimension were stored automatically with single feature as unit in visual work ing memory even in single probe condition. (2) Objects composed of features with in different dimensions could be represented in integrated object form which dem anded engagement of focused attention. (3) The storage of integrated information during perception stage in working memory also consumed attention resource.