Utilization deficiency and working memory capacity in adult memory performance: not just for children anymore |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA;2. University of Georgia, USA;1. York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;2. Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. Department of Psychiatry and Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center (Royal Victoria Hospital at the Glen site), McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;2. Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;3. University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;4. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;5. Brain Development Cooperative Group, Canada;6. McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;7. McGill University Health Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada;8. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;1. Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;2. The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;3. Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King''s College London, UK;1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA;2. Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;3. The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;1. Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada;3. Electrical and Computer Software Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | In acquiring mnemonic strategies, children may demonstrate a utilization deficiency phase in which they successfully execute a strategy but it does not facilitate memory performance. The present experiment suggests that utilization deficiencies are not a developmental phenomenon per se, but rather a byproduct of diminished working memory capacity for any reason (i.e., maturation, knowledge base, context, individual differences, etc.). Adults performing a series of study-test memory trials using nonsense words exhibited characteristics of utilization deficiencies, with increased strategy use not contributing to increased memory performance. Furthermore, adults’ working memory capacity modified the effect. Implications of these findings for developmental models of strategy acquisition are discussed. |
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