Models of recognition: A review of arguments in favor of a dual-process account |
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Authors: | Rachel A Diana Lynne M Reder Jason Arndt Heekyeong Park |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, Colby College, 5550 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA;(2) Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA;(3) Drew University, Madison, NJ, USA |
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Abstract: | The majority of computationally specified models of recognition memory have been based on a single-process interpretation,
claiming that familiarity is the only influence on recognition. There is increasing evidence that recognition is, in fact,
based on two processes: recollection and familiarity. This article reviews the current state of the evidence for dual-process
models, including the usefulness of the remember/know paradigm, and interprets the relevant results in terms of the source
of activation confusion (SAC) model of memory. We argue that the evidence from each of the areas we discuss, when combined,
presents a strong case that inclusion of a recollection process is necessary. Given this conclusion, we also argue that the
dual-process claim that the recollection process is always available is, in fact, more parsimonious than the single-process
claim that the recollection process is used only in certain paradigms. The value of a well-specified process model such as
the SAC model is discussed with regard to other types of dual-process models. |
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