Patterns of use,knowledge, and perceived effects of sedating medication on driving: A questionnaire survey of Japanese drivers who use sedating medication |
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| Institution: | 1. Wuerzburg Institute for Traffic Sciences GmbH (WIVW), Robert-Bosch-Str. 4, 97209 Veitshöchheim, Germany;2. Honda Research Institute Europe, Carl-Legien-Str. 30, 63073 Offenbach/Main, Germany;1. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;2. Center for Advancing Transportation Leadership and Safety (ATLAS Center), Ann Arbor, MI, United States;3. Miami University, Sociology and Gerontology, Oxford, OH, United States;4. Monash University Accident Research Centre, Clayton, Australia;5. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;6. Institute of Gerontology, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;7. Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States;8. Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States;9. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia''s Injury Control Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States;10. Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Healthcare Network, Cooperstown, NY, United States;1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Translational Research for Injury Prevention Lab, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35244, United States;2. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, United States;1. Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan;2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan;3. Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan;4. Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan;1. Thomas D. Larson Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Transportation Research Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States;2. Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street, Troy, NY, 12180, United States;1. Departrment of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China;2. Departrment of Thoracic Surgery, Inner Mongolia People''s Hospital, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, 010017, China;3. Department of Oncological Surgery, Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014040, China;4. Neurology Department, Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industries Group Corp. Ltd Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014030, China;5. Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate patterns of medication use among drivers using pharmaceutical drugs, the subjective impact of medication use on driving, and knowledge about the effects of medication use on driving.MethodsAn online survey was administered to a sample of Japanese drivers (n = 1424, age range 21–79 years) to investigate the use pattern of major sedating medications such as cold/sinus drugs, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antidepressants. The strength of association between variables pertaining to the use of sedating medications and self-reported at-fault crash involvement was explored using a series of multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsOn average, respondents reported using 2.7 sedating medications over the past two years (standard deviation = 1.8; range = 0–11). The pattern of psychotropic medication use was diverse, and the use of multiple psychotropic medications was common. Respondents could be grouped into four subgroups in terms of multiple medication use. Irrespective of the type of medication taken, respondents noticed few adverse side effects of medication on driving and generally did not adhere to driving-related product warnings; some respondents were unaware of important facts such as the exacerbation of the effects of medication effects when combining medications. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the presence of a higher number of sedating agents in the medication taken was positively associated with reporting an at-fault crash in the last two years, having longer driving distance, being a commercial driver, receiving more traffic tickets, and having a higher tendency for rules violations.ConclusionsThe present study showed that medication use by drivers is diverse and complex, that most drivers are not sufficiently informed of the potentially impairing effects of medication, and that poly-medication use appeared prevalent among those who use psychotropic medications. In line with previous studies, the current study reveals a need for better communication between health experts and patients and for education of all stakeholders. The results also highlighted the need for systematic investigation into cause of crash in light of potential contribution of sedating medication used by the driver, given the low autopsy rate for fatally injured drivers in Japan. |
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| Keywords: | Impairment Sedatives Poly-medication Crash Antihistamine Psychotropic medication |
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