Tactical steering behaviour under irrevocable visual occlusion |
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| Institution: | 1. The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden;2. Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;3. Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Translational Research for Injury Prevention Lab, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35244, United States;2. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, United States;1. School of Transportation, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China;2. Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Thompson Hall, 200 Hicks Way, MA 01003, USA;1. George Mason University, United States;2. Parallel Consulting, LLC, United States;1. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliu, Yunlin, Taiwan;2. Acer Incorporated, 26F, 116, Sec. 1, Xintai 5th Rd., Xizhi, New Taipei City, Taiwan;1. University “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, Faculty of Psychology, Toma Cozma Street, No 3, Iasi 700554, Romania;2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, C/Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;1. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;2. Department of IT Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo investigate the extent of a driver’s mental model with irrevocable visual occlusion and analysing the distance to crash.BackgroundDrivers have a mental model of the immediate surroundings which allows them to predict their own as well as others’ travel paths. To navigate safely through traffic, this mental model has to be updated frequently to remain valid. In between information sampling events, the mental model will become outdated over time, as the traffic system is dynamic.MethodA simulator study with 22 participants was conducted to investigate the information decay in the mental model. This was implemented by extending visual occlusion until the driver collided with another vehicle or ran off the road, thus providing an estimate of how long it takes until the mental model becomes obsolete.ResultsAn analysis of variance with the factors curve direction, curve radius and traffic showed that curve radius did not influence the distance to crash. Without traffic, drivers veered off the road sooner in right curves. Adding traffic eliminated this difference. Traffic ahead led to a shortened distance to crash. Compared to a tangential travel path from the current lateral position at the time of the occlusion, drivers crashed on average 2.6 times later than they would have, had they not had any mental model of the situation.ConclusionsThe drivers’ mental representation of the future situation seems to include information on how to act, to alleviate deviations in yaw angle, including and considering the presence of other road users. |
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| Keywords: | Visual occlusion Information decay Mental model Driving behaviour Tactical behaviour |
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