Sleep loss and change detection in driving scenes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK;2. Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland (CARRS-Q), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;3. Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4558, Australia;1. University of Waikato, New Zealand;2. University of Waikato, New Zealand;1. School of Psychology, University of Waikato, New Zealand;2. School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;3. Te Oranga School of Human Development and Movement Studies, University of Waikato, New Zealand;1. Human Factors of Vehicle Automation, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, LS1 9JT Leeds, UK;2. School of Psychology, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;3. School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;1. TRYSE Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, c/ Severo Ochoa, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 46/B, Rende, CS, Italy;1. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China;2. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China |
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| Abstract: | Driver sleepiness is a significant road safety problem. Sleep-related crashes occur on both urban and rural roads, yet to date driver-sleepiness research has focused on understanding impairment in rural and motorway driving. The ability to detect changes is an attention and awareness skill vital for everyday safe driving. Previous research has demonstrated that person states, such as age or motivation, influence susceptibility to change blindness (i.e., failure or delay in detecting changes). The current work considers whether sleepiness increases the likelihood of change blindness within urban and rural driving contexts. Twenty fully-licenced drivers completed a change detection ‘flicker’ task twice in a counterbalanced design: once following a normal night of sleep (7–8 h) and once following sleep restriction (5 h). Change detection accuracy and response time were recorded while eye movements were continuously tracked. Accuracy was not significantly affected by sleep loss; however, following sleep loss there was some evidence of slowed change detection responses to urban images, but faster responses for rural images. Visual scanning across the images remained consistent between sleep conditions, resulting in no difference in the probability of fixating on the change target. Overall, the results suggest that sleep loss has minimal impact on change detection accuracy and visual scanning for changes in driving scenes. However, a subtle difference in response time to change detection between urban and rural images indicates that change blindness may have implications for sleep-related crashes in more visually complex urban environments. Further research is needed to confirm this finding. |
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| Keywords: | Driver sleepiness Sleepy drivers Driver fatigue Driver drowsiness Change detection Change blindness Visual attention |
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