A psychophysiological and driving performance evaluation of focal and ambient visual processing demands in simulated driving |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Toyota Motor North America Research & Development, 1555 Woodridge Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;2. Central Michigan University, Sloan 220, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA;1. University of Waikato, New Zealand;2. University of Waikato, New Zealand;1. UHasselt - Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;2. Vias Institute, Haachtsesteenweg 1405, 1130 Brussels, Belgium;3. UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Translational Research for Injury Prevention Lab, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35244, United States;2. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, United States;1. Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China;2. Division of Biostatistics, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;3. Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;4. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, HSR&D Center of Excellence, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98198, USA;1. Department of Economics, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249-0633, United States;2. Department of Economics, 816 Bolton Hall, College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, WI 53201, United States;3. Centre for Studies in Social Sciences (CSSSC), R-1 Baishnabghata-Patuli Township, Kolkata 700-094, West Bengal, India |
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| Abstract: | Research has focused little on the ambient and focal visual channels within which driving and side-task information can be processed. In the current experiment, for the purpose of demonstrating differentiation of focal and ambient visual processing attentional demands on driving performance and physiological response, subjects participated in a dual-task driving simulation that contained focal and ambient components. We hypothesized that ambient demands would not have any effects on driving performance or physiological response, whereas the focal-side-task would cause a deterioration in driving performance and specific changes in physiological response. Support for these hypotheses would provide evidence that focal visual processing is attention demanding, whereas the processing of ambient visual information is not.Some results suggest that ambient visual information was processed pre-attentively, whereas focal visual information requires attentional resources to be processed. Driving performance deteriorated and changes in physiological response occurred when the focal side-task was added to driving, but not when the ambient side-task was added. However, we failed to see predicted changes in driving performance and physiological response as the demands of the focal and ambient components of the driving simulation varied. The results of the current study suggest that a differentiation in attention demands between focal and ambient vision does exist, but that further research is needed to better understand the nature and practical consequences of the differentiation. |
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| Keywords: | Ambient vision Focal vision Driving simulation Autonomic space Psychophysiology Attention |
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