Infant brain responses to live face-to-face interaction with their mothers: Combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with a modified still-face paradigm |
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| Institution: | 1. Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany;2. Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;3. JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Center Juelich, Germany;4. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;5. Catholic University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Germany;1. CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal;2. National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA;3. Centre for Computer Graphics, Guimarães, Portugal;4. Algoritmi, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal;5. Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal;1. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave., Newark, DE, USA;2. Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 320 McKinly Lab, Newark, DE, USA;3. Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave., Newark, DE, USA;4. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA;5. Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;6. Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;1. Arizona State University, United States;2. University of Michigan, United States;3. Vanderbilt University, United States;4. Stony Brook University, United States;5. University of Texas at Austin, United States;1. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands;2. Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands;3. Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany;4. Center for Child and Family Studies, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands;5. Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands;1. Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy;2. Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Japan;3. Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, USA;4. Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK;5. Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy;6. Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundNon-invasive imaging techniques, such as fNIRS, allow us to shed light on the neural correlates of infant’s social-emotional development within the context of parent-infant interaction. On a behavioral level, numerous studies have investigated parent-infant interaction employing the still-face paradigm and found that the primary caregiver(s), often the mother, is an important coregulator of the infant’s physiological and behavioral stress response. However, limited information is available on how the infant’s brain reacts to the maternal cues during real-life interaction.MethodsTherefore, the main aim of the current study was to design a fNIRS paradigm to study live mother-infant interaction and to explore the neural correlates of infant affect regulation during real-life dyadic interaction. To this end, a modified still-face paradigm was designed, which consists of live face-to-face mother-infant, and stranger-infant, interaction episodes, including stressful, “still-face” and non-stressful, “happy-face” interaction blocks, combined with infant fNIRS imaging.ResultsHemodynamic brain responses were collected in n = 10 (6 females, mean age 230.2 ± 17.5 days), typically developing infants using the Hitachi ETG-4000 continuous-wave system (22 channels spanning the frontal cortex; 10 Hz system sampling frequency). Infants with usable data (n = 7) showed negative activations, indicated by a decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin, over the middle frontal gyrus in response to happy-face (reunion) interaction with their mothers compared to a female stranger; suggesting deactivation of brain regions associated with affect regulation. We also explored correlations between infant brain responses to maternal interaction and infant characteristics (temperament) as well as experiential/environmental factors (mothers’ self-reported depression symptoms).ConclusionsAlthough the current results are very preliminary, they overall suggest that live design in infant populations is doable and offers unique opportunities to study the neural mechanisms underlying early caregiver(s)-child interaction in a more naturalistic context. Restrictions, and implications, of the methodology are critically discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Infant Social-emotional development Maternal interaction Still-face paradigm Live stimulus presentation fNIRS |
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