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Infant affect response in the face-to-face still face among Chinese- and European American mother-infant dyads
Affiliation:1. Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States;3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;4. Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States;5. Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States;1. Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, United States;2. Department of Psychology, New York University, United States;1. Department of Infant Development, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, United States;2. Department of Infant Development, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities and Department of Pediatrics, Richmond University Medical Center, United States;1. Research Group Interpersonal, Discursive and Narrative Studies (IDNS), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium;2. Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo” La Paz (UCB), Bolivia;3. VIPER Research Unit, Royal Military Academy (RMA), Brussels, Belgium;4. Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium;5. Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Comportamiento (CEIC), Faculty of Psychology, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico;1. Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;2. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;3. Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy;1. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;2. UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA;3. Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
Abstract:Early face-to-face interactions with caregivers allow infants to learn how to express and exchange emotions with others. Within the field, however, the research regarding infant regulatory processes across cultures remains limited. The Double Face-to-Face Still Face (FFSF) paradigm provided an opportunity to examine infant affect in dyadic interactions with European American (EA, n = 54) and Chinese American (CA, n = 48) infants and caregivers. Consistent with our hypothesis that CA infants are less reactive than EA infants, CA infants in our study showed less negative and more neutral affect compared to EA infants. We also examined the number of infants who were unable to complete the full FFSF paradigm due to high levels of distress (e.g., 30-sec of sustained hard cries). Compared to EA infants, more CA infants were unable to complete the paradigm due to negative affect (e.g., sustained cries). Analyses showed an association between mothers’ negative affect from the start of the paradigm with infant incompletion of the paradigm. These findings point to cultural differences in infant affect within the FFSF. As well, researchers should consider the characteristics of infants who do not complete the FFSF paradigm as they can provide meaningful data in understanding infant affect and regulation. Taken together, our findings suggest that the Double FFSF paradigm provides a reasonable threshold for distinguishing infants on their ability to regulate during a repeated social stressor.
Keywords:Infant  Still-face  Temperament  Culture  Chinese
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