The influence of time constraints on posture choices during an end-state comfort task |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;2. Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;1. Neurocognition and Action Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany;2. Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld, Germany;3. Robotics Research Center, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;4. Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States;5. Health Equity Institute, 1600 Holloway Avenue, HSS 359, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States;1. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki, Japan;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan;1. BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;2. Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstr. 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | People adopt comfortable postures for the end states of motor actions (end-state comfort; Rosenbaum & Jorgensen, 1992). The choice to end comfortably often elicits adoption of uncomfortable beginning states, demonstrating that a sequence of movement is planned in advance of movement onset. Many factors influence the choice of comfortable end-state postures including the greater precision and speed afforded by postures at joint angle mid-ranges (Short & Cauraugh, 1999). To date, there has been little evaluation of the hypothesis that postures are chosen based on minimizing the time spent in uncomfortable postures. The aim of this experiment was to examine how the relative time required to hold beginning and end-state postures influenced the choice of posture. Participants moved a two-toned wooden dowel from one location to another with the requirement to grasp the object and place a specified color down. Participants completed four conditions where no postures were held, only one posture was held, or both postures were held. We predicted more thumb-up postures for positions held longer regardless of whether these postures were at the end or beginning state. Results verified that the constraint of holding the initial posture led to decreased end-state comfort supporting the hypothesis that estimation of time spent in postures is an important constraint in planning. We also note marked individual differences in posture choices, particularly when the object was moved to the left. |
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