低自尊个体对拒绝性信息的注意偏向

自尊是个体对自我的情感性评价, 影响着个体对周围环境的应对方式。低自尊个体由于容易知觉到外部的拒绝性信息, 也更倾向于将别人的行为知觉为拒绝, 因而存在对拒绝性信息的注意偏向。本文首先综述了低自尊个体的认知与行为特点, 其次简单介绍了低自尊个体注意偏向的常用研究范式(Stroop范式、点探测任务、空间线索任务、惊吓探测范式、注意监测任务、注意转移任务), 随后列举了解释低自尊个体注意偏向的理论(社会计量理论、关系图式理论、注意成分说、注意控制说), 最后总结了低自尊个体注意偏向的脑机制研究。未来的研究应更多关注自尊结构的复杂性, 注意偏向的信息加工阶段性及其脑机制, 注意训练的作用机制及低自尊个体注意偏向的本土研究等问题。

Attentional Bias for Rejection among Individuals with Low Self-Esteem

Previous studies found that low self-esteem participants existed attentional bias toward social rejection cues. In present article, we reviewed evidence regarding paradigm, theoretical explanation and neural mechanism. The paradigms include Stroop task, probe-detection and spatial cueing target, startle probe task, visual monitoring task and attention shifting task and so on. Sociometer theory, relational schema, attentional component and attentional control may explain the attentional bias of low self-esteem participant. At last, recommendations for future research are discussed including the complexity of structure of self-esteem, the processes and neural mechanism of attentional bias, the framework of attention training effect and the indigenous perspective.