进化观点下的智力研究

综述了进化心理学探讨智力所取得的研究成果,内容包括智力的起源（如进化环境与智力的关系）、进化心理学视角下智力的分类。同时,该文认为一般智力是一种特殊的认知模块,即专门智力。最后,讨论了对智力进行进化心理学研究的重要意义与未来研究取向。

AN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL VIEW ON INTELLIGENCE

What cognitive or psychological mechanisms are involved in making what is called intelligence or what is commonly, although not accurately, known as IQ ? An evolutionary view about intelligence acknowledges the fact that intelligence can hardly be taught, learned or practiced upon and makes three arguments about this observation. First, it argues that environment of evolutionary past have different impact on behavior depending on whether it has been invariant and recurring or variant and unstable. Second, as a result of these two different kinds of environmental impact, some cognitive functioning has been modularized or hardwired, whereas others have to rely on conscious mental integration. Thus, there are two kinds of cognitive functioning, modularized, encapsulated, and hardwired versus conscious, effortful, and mentally demanding. Third, IQ or general intelligence represents the continuation of the evolutionary process of adaptation or modularization. This article provides an evolutionary view on the origins of intelligence and provides empirical evidence to support its arguments.