专家与新手教师对静态课堂教学场景的知觉差异

教师在课堂教学过程中,需要实时监控和加工课堂中的各种信息,以此来调整教学和管理课堂.研究选取9名专家教师和16名师范类研究生,采用专家、新手教师对比的范式,借鉴场景知觉的研究方法,以静态教学场景和非教学场景作为刺激材料,利用眼动技术,探讨了教学经验对课堂教学场景知觉的影响.结果发现,相对于新手,专家对静态课堂教学场景的注视次数更多,总注视时间更长;对于不同的场景类型,非教学场景受到的注视次数更多;专家对于非教学场景的注视次数要多于教学场景,但是平均注视时间少于教学场景;专家对非教学场景的总注视时间长于新手.研究表明,专家对非教学场景采取的是多次注视但每次注视时间短的策略,体现的是一种快速扫描的注视模式,而对教学场景采取的是少量注视但每次注视时间长的策略,体现的是认真观看的注视模式.

The Difference between Expert and Novice Teachers in Perceiving Static Classroom Teaching Scenes:An Eye Tracking Study

Teaching management is an important skill for expert teachers.Previous studies had shown that expert and novice teachers differ in perceiving and processing classroom information.However,these studies were limited by the use of traditional inquiry methods such as surveys,questionnaires,and observations,and failed to provide direct data in authentic situations.With the advance in eye-tracking technology,researchers in the current study are able to identify where and how teachers responded to visual cues pres...