共情的相关理论评述及动态模型探新

共情是发生在人际互动过程中的一种心理现象，恰当地共情不仅可以提高亲社会行为的发生几率，还可以有效抑制攻击行为。以往研究者大多从静态的角度对共情的定义、结构和机制等进行探讨，然而，共情作为一种心理过程，以动态的观点阐述其内部机制对于探讨共情的本质是十分必要的。本文首先回顾了以往研究者的共情定义，并在此基础上对共情进行了界定；之后在对共情相关的理论或模型评述的基础上提出了共情的动态模型，并结合以往的研究对动态模型进行了分析比较，最后是总结和对未来研究的展望。

Related Theories and Exploration on Dynamic Model of Empathy

Empathy is a kind of psychological process of interpersonal interaction. Appropriate empathy can not only increase the occurrence rate of pro-social behaviors, but also inhibit aggressive behaviors effectively. Previous researchers paid more attention to the definition, components, dimensions and mechanism of empathy from the static point of view, but few have built up empathy model from the dynamic perspective. However, with the occurrence and development mechanism of its own, empathy is a psychological phenomenon which happens in the process of interpersonal interaction. Elaborating on the empathy model with dynamic viewpoint is essential to the understanding of the core of empathy. In this article, firstly, we review the definitions given by previous researchers, based on which we raise the connotation of empathy. Secondly, we comment on the models and theories related to empathy, and then put forward the dynamic model of empathy, and compare it with the previous models. Finally, we summarize this article and give some outlooks for future research.