Task-load manipulation in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test: An alternative measure of information processing speed |
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| Institution: | 1. Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, NY, NY 10032, USA;2. PERFORM Center and Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;1. Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, 34 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;2. Department of Radiology, Children''s Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia;3. Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia;1. The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;2. Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;3. School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;4. Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University) Ministry of Education;5. Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hum Hom, Hong Kong;6. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China;7. Laboratory of Emotion and Cognition, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of an oral fMRI-adapted version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to assess information processing speed (IPS) using three different interstimulus intervals (ISI).MethodsNineteen right-handed healthy controls performed the adapted version of the SDMT, consisting of a block design that had a total of 6 control/activation block pairs with 3 different ISIs (1.5, 2 and 2.5 s) presented in two different runs: in ascending and descending orders. The brain activation patterns during different ISIs were assessed by effective functional connectivity analysis based on independent component analysis.ResultsAs expected, all conditions yielded activations in the fronto-parietal networks (FPNs) related to attention processes. Shorter ISIs (1.5 and 2 s) not only yielded greater patterns of connectivity within fronto-parietal and occipital regions such as the FPN and fronto-occipital network (FON), but also recruited more functional networks overall. Task performance at the shortest ISI was negatively correlated with connectivity at the FPN and activity of the pre-supplementary motor area extending to the cingulate gyrus.ConclusionIncreasing IPS demands due to shorter ISIs resulted in an increased level and number of functional networks required, increased connectivity within the FPN and FON, and enhancement of the prefrontal cortex. IPS does not arise from activity of a single b area but from affective information transfer among distant cortical regions of the frontal and parietal cortices. This adapted version of the SDMT may be useful for studying alterations of IPS in clinical and nonclinical populations. |
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| Keywords: | Information processing speed (IPS) Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Fronto-parietal network Effective functional connectivity |
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