“语义P600”的实质及其影响机制

总结并分析了影响语义 P600 效应产生与否的五个主要因素及其作用机制：关键词和论元之间的语义关联性；语义-主题关系的潜在可修正性；有生性违例；语境；实验任务。在此基础上，概述了由语义 P600 效应发展而来、或验证了的两个主要理论观点，即“两种并行神经加工流”的观点和扩展论元依附模型。最后还对语义 P600 效应今后的研究方向提出了看法：各种影响因素间的综合性研究；跨语言研究；工作记忆的影响；表面相似 ERP 成分之间的区别研究。

The Essence and Influencing Mechanisms of"Semantic P600"

After a review of the study history of the P600 effect in the sentence comprehension/processing background, five key factors of the production of the semantic P600 effect were generalized and analysed. Firstly, semantic association(s) between the critical word(s) and the argument(s) should be taken into consideration, which meant whether there was a semantic connection and what was the relevancy. The second factor was the latent reparability of the semantic-thematic relationship(s), which was also called semantic attraction. The next was called animacy violation, which determined the agent to be animate or inanimate. The fourth one was the context of critical words in the sentence, which meant we should take the results into the consideration of the whole sentence, or paragraph. The last key factors of the production of semantic P600 effect was the requirements of the experiment task(s), which should be controlled in different experiments, as long as the results were needed to be compared. As to the sole working mechanism of each factor and mutual ways of interactions, we still do not clearly know, and this should be a direction for future study. And for the last part of our paper, several future research directions were suggested for further research of the semantic P600 effect phenomenon. The first one was the combination perspective of related factors, which was already mentioned above and should be the key orientation for the future. The next suggested way was the view of cross-linguistic, which already showed its impact on current studies. Due to the complicated conditions of different languages, eastern or western, English or Chinese, there were a lot of points we should pay attention to and handle carefully. The third direction, the influence of working memory, was a very important one according to our own research experience and other related studies, especially for the use of long sentences of research materials, for which there was a very limited resource or capability.