孤独症儿童潜在早期识别标志——发声异常及原因探析

孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD)儿童的早期识别及早期干预对其发育结果至关重要。发声是指儿童学会说话之前发出的声音。已有研究表明, 非类言语和类言语发声异常是ASD儿童2岁前的潜在识别标志。ASD儿童发声异常的理论解释主要有动机导向、神经运动导向、感知觉导向和社会反馈导向理论。未来研究可考虑探讨发声异常作为ASD儿童独特的早期识别标志的可能性, 加强哭声在ASD儿童早期筛查中的研究, 探索基于最具预测性声学参数集的自动学习分类模型, 探究内在动机与社会动机对ASD儿童类言语发声的影响和进一步探究ASD儿童类言语发声异常的神经机制。从而为ASD儿童的早期识别及早期干预提供更加客观的理论依据。

Potential early identification markers for children with autism spectrum disorder:Unusual vocalizations and theoretical explanations

Early identification and early intervention of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)are critical to their developmental outcomes.Vocalizations are sounds produced by children before they learn to talk.Studies suggested that unusual nonspeech-like and speech-like vocalizations are potential early identification makers for children with ASD before the age of 2 years.The theoretical explanations for unusual vocalizations mainly include the motivation orientation theories,the neuromotor orientation theories,the perceptual orientation theory,and the social feedback orientation theory.Future research may consider in(1)exploring the possibility of unusual vocalizations as unique early identification markers for children with ASD,(2)strengthening the study of crying in early screening of children with ASD,(3)constructing an automatic learning classification model based on the strongest predictive acoustic parameters,(4)analyzing the influence of intrinsic and social motivation on speech-like vocalizations in children with ASD,and(5)investigating the neural mechanisms of unusual speech-like vocalizations.These evidence may be helpful for early identification and intervention of children with ASD.