基于过程数据的问题解决能力测量及数据分析方法

问题解决能力是指在没有明显解决方法的情况下个体从事认知加工以理解和解决问题情境的能力。对问题解决能力的测量需要借助相对更复杂、更真实、具有可交互性的问题情境来诱导问题解决行为的呈现。使用虚拟测评抓取问题解决的过程数据并分析其中所蕴含的潜在信息是当前心理计量学中测量问题解决能力的新趋势。首先, 回顾问题解决能力测量方式的发展：从纸笔测验到虚拟测评。然后, 总结对比两类过程数据的分析方法：统计建模法和数据挖掘法。最后, 从非认知因素的影响、多模态数据的利用、问题解决能力发展的测量、其他高阶思维能力的测量和问题解决能力概念及结构的界定五个方面展望未来可能的研究方向。

The measurement of problem-solving competence using process data

Problem-solving competence is an individual’s capacity to engage in cognitive processing to understand and resolve problem situations where a method of solution is not immediately obvious.The measurement of problem-solving competence requires the use of relatively more complex and real problem situations to induce the presentation of problem-solving behaviors.This brings challenges to both the measurement methods of problem-solving competence and the corresponding data analysis methods.Using virtual assessments to capture the process data in problem-solving and mining the potential information contained therein is a new trend in measuring problem-solving competence in psychometrics.To begin with,we reviewed the development of the measurement methods of problem-solving competence:from paper-and-pencil tests to virtual assessments.In addition,we summarized two types of process data analysis methods:data mining and statistical modeling.Finally,we look forward to possible future research directions from five perspectives:the influence of non-cognitive factors on problem-solving competence,the use of multimodal data to measure problem-solving competence,the measurement of the development of problem-solving competence,the measurement of other higher-order thinking competencies,and the definition of concept and structure of problem-solving competence.