Science, Values and the Human Dimensions |
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Authors: | Ladislav Tondl |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Science, Technology and Society Studies, Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 110 00 Praha 1 |
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Abstract: | The presented paper substantiates the principle that values are an immanent component of science and any rational cognitive
activity. This principle belongs to the European cultural tradition starting from the book of Genesis of the Old Testament,
the values of certainty in the antique Greek philosophy and Francis Bacon's coincidence of knowledge and power. Values in
science form complicated structures inconnection with different types of knowledge including “the knowledge that”, empirical
evidence, various types of generalizations or rules, methods, directions, algorithms, “the knowledge how”, “the knowledge
why” or other types of knowledge. Since the assignments of different types of values are the products of a decision-making,
it is useful to distinguish many types of decision-making, especially semantic decision-making, information decision-making
and decision-making with distinctly pragmatic dimensions. The values assignable to scientific activities and their results
also include their social recognition, respect and prestige granted to knowledge and bearers of knowledge by society and social
groups or communities. Knowledge generation and the rational and justified application of the achieved and acceptable impacts
are also connected with decision-making procedures, values and criteria of social acceptance.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | types of knowledge certainty decision-making inscience types of values connected with science andcognitive activities types of decision-making in science social dimensions of knowledge |
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