情绪调节目标的分类与优化

摘要：情绪调节目标决定人们是否调节情绪以及怎样调节情绪。基于情绪调节服务功能的类型差异，可分离出以下类型的调节目标：增加积极体验可满足享乐性需要，社会事务需使用情绪的工具效用，复杂体验的融合可优化自我成长，而情绪体验的文化精致可促进自我与世界的融合。这些目标既可能相互一致，也存在多种冲突，对幸福体验产生综合影响。拓展积极情绪最大化的暂时性适应角色，理解内隐层面的心理因素和文化价值正当性对调节目标的制约，是未来研究的方向。

The Classification and Optimization of Emotion Regulation Goals

For a long time, Researchers took more attention to the relationships between emotion regulation strategies and hedonic experience. But they did not answer the question that which emotion do I value and what do I want to feel? I feel better but it not enough, the social-functionalists accounted that, by regulating their emotions, people seek to achieve certain psychological outcomes or functions. Emotion-regulation strategies refer to the concrete approach that people take in managing their emotions (Koole, 2009). A systematic search of the literature identified 306 different emotion regulation strategies (Webb, et al., 2012), but Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies only found a small effect. The functions of emotion regulation cut across all emotion-regulation strategies, and apply regardless of whether these strategies are directed to attention, knowledge, or the body. So values and goals in emotion regulation must be recognized as important things, because they are the casual agents of the processes in emotion regulation.Based on the different service function of emotion regulation, here come four types of emotion regulation goals. (a) The first goal is to increase positive emotional experiences to meet the need of hedonism. The purpose of this goal is to increase positive emotional experiences and to weaken the feeling of pain. Impulsive character often comes along with meeting the needs. (b) The second goal is to use emotion as a tool to deal with social interpersonal affairs. This goal emphasizes emotion as an important communicational symbol in social interpersonal communication. One can handle social interpersonal affairs through flexibly manipulate the expression behaviors of emotion. (c) The third goal is to integrate complex emotion experiences, so as to promote self growth. Stress is laid on strengthen inner-agreement of personality on a mental representative system and experiences level, through an integration of different kinds of emotions. (d) Refinement of culture promotes the combination of self and the world. This goal underlines the importance of refine self related emotion experiences through culture and realize the combination of self and outer world.The conflicts among different goal of emotion regulation mainly express as (a) conflicts among hedonic needs, instrument utility and cultural value expectancy. (b)conflicts among instrument utility, growth and cultural value expectancy. From a perspective of development, to increase coherence among different goals, e.g. the goal people are pursuing is not only pleasant but also proper, will maximize the feeling of happiness. Optimization regulation goals are important to long-term adaptation and happy experience.Future research will discuss implicit and explicit factors which have influence on goals of emotion regulation. More understand to temporarily adaptation of goals about increase happiness and reduce pain，and validity of value to pursue positive emotion. These researches have great reference value to mental health education and psychological counseling.