囤积症的行为心理特征及相关因素

囤积症是指过度获取和不能丢弃那些没有用处或失去价值的物品。这种行为通常会给患者本人及其家庭成员带来感情、躯体、财务、社会甚至法律方面的负面影响。对于囤积症的行为特征、心理特征及相关因素，学界已有大量的研究。近期，囤积症已被纳入DSM-5，这将有助于确定有持续性丢弃困难的个体,并对其予以帮助与干预。

Hoarding Disorder and its Correlative Factors

Hoarding disorder is defined as the excessive acquisition of and failure to discard possessions that are useless or of limited value, living spaces sufficiently cluttered so as to preclude activities for which these spaces are designed, significant distress or impairment in functioning caused by the hoarding. These symptoms impair functioning or pose significant health and safety risks, as well as distress to those who hoard and those living with or near them. In some hoarding cases, the acquired items prevents the normal use of space to accomplish basic activities, such as cleaning, cooking, moving through the house, and sleeping. Interference with these functions can make hoarding a dangerous problem, putting people at risk for fire, poor sanitation, falling (especially children and elderly people), and health risk. Indeed, severe hoarding is a serious public health concern that may result in precarious living situations, in which the hoarded items intrude on the available living space within the home or create a toxic environment where the residents are exposed to an array of potentially toxic materials, for example, dust, rotting foods, bacteria, pollen, and so on. In short, pathological hoarding can represent a profound public health burden in terms of poor physical health, occupational impairment, and social service utilization. It also has a substantial impact on the family members and those who living near hoarder. Hoarding is different from obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsive hoarding, organic hoarding, and compulsive buying. By differentiate and analyze of these concepts and issues that can make us more accurately grasp the hoarding disorder behavior. This article focuses on some of the key issues pertaining to pathological or compulsive hoarding, discuss terminological issues and describe the current status of hoarding in the existing classification systems，then identify and discuss key issues that are specifically relevant to DSM-V. Given that research on compulsive hoarding has increased exponentially over the last decade, and that it may represent a major threat to public health. This present paper introduces psychological mechanisms of hoarding, including cognition, emotion, personality, and brain structure. Then the paper introduces some influential factors of hoarding, including gender, age, and environment. Finally the issues deserved further research and outline. More recently, the hoarding disorder has been included in DSM-V. The proposed DSM-V criteria include three criteria that describe the symptoms (1, 2 and 3), one that defines the level of distress or interference (4), and two that are exclusion criteria (5 and 6). The proposed DSM-V criteria for hoarding disorder will help to determine individual who persistent difficulty discarding hoarded items, and give he or she help and intervention. Hoarding disorder has been studied by many scholars, but these studies are insufficient to make people accurately grasp the psychological mechanism of the hoarding disorder. Even some of findings seem opposed to each other, these inconsistent findings may be a variety of causes. But, anyway, which means that academic world should focus on related issues to make more comprehensive, depth, and accurate research. In addition, the localization study of the hoarding disorder may be a unique discovery and significance.