Multiple levels of control in the Stroop task |
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Authors: | Julie M Bugg Larry L Jacoby Jeffrey P Toth |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, Washington University, Campus Box 1125, One Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA |
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Abstract: | Multiple levels of control may be used in service of reducing Stroop interference. One is list-wide, whereby interference
is reduced strategically in lists that include disproportionately more incongruent trials. A second, item-specific control
is observed when proportion congruence is manipulated at the level of items. Item-specific control reduces interference for
mostly incongruent relative to mostly congruent items. First, we show that item-specific control may drive both list-wide
and item-specific proportion congruence effects (Experiment 1). We then show that item-specific control affects Stroop interference
similarly when a single feature (a word) as opposed to a feature combination (a word 1 font type) signals proportion congruence
(Experiment 2). Although this suggests that font type offers little advantage for controlling Stroop interference beyond the
word, a novel, font-specific proportion congruence effect is observed in Experiment 3, indicating that font type can be used
to control interference. These findings support the idea that multiple levels of control are used in reducing Stroop interference. |
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Keywords: | |
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