An IRT analysis of motive questionnaires: The Unified Motive Scales |
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Authors: | Felix D Schönbrodt Friederike XR Gerstenberg |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 München, Germany;2. Department of Psychology, Technische Universität München, Lothstr. 17, 80335 München, Germany |
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Abstract: | Multiple inventories claiming to assess the same explicit motive (achievement, power, or affiliation) show only mediocre convergent validity. In three studies (N = 1685) the structure, nomological net, and content coverage of multiple existing motive scales was investigated with exploratory factor analyses. The analyses revealed four approach factors (achievement, power, affiliation, and intimacy) and a general avoidance factor with a facet structure. New scales (the Unified Motive Scales; UMS) were developed using IRT, reflecting these underlying dimensions. In comparison to existing questionnaires, the UMS have the highest measurement precision and provide short (six-item) and ultra-short (three-item) scales. In a fourth study (N = 96), the UMS demonstrated incremental validity over existing motive scales with respect to several outcome criteria. |
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Keywords: | Structure of explicit motives Questionnaire Item response theory Short scales |
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