The sensory basis of target location

Overshoot rate in a target alignment task depends on the location of the target with reference to the operational boundary of the task. Subjects performed a step tracking task under four conditions combining pursuit and compensatory display modes with joystick and crank control devices. The boundary effect was found when the joystick was used but not the crank, while the display mode had no effect, indicating that subjects moved with respect to a frame of reference based on proprioceptive information. Movements were made according to the postures adopted, irrespective of the concomitant visual consequences.