Youth Exposed to Violence: Stability, Co-occurrence, and Context |
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Authors: | Gayla Margolin Katrina A Vickerman Michelle C Ramos Sarah Duman Serrano Elana B Gordis Esti Iturralde Pamella H Oliver Lauren A Spies |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, SGM 930, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA;(2) Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA;(3) Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA |
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Abstract: | With considerable literature establishing how separate types of violence disrupt the lives of children, there is emerging
interest in examining violence across multiple interpersonal domains. This article examines four commonly occurring and frequently
researched domains of violence exposure: marital physical aggression, mother-to-youth aggression, father-to-youth aggression,
and community violence. A community-based sample of 103 parents and youth provided three waves of data at annual intervals
beginning when the youth were aged 9–10. We explored stability of exposure, co-occurrence across different types of violence
exposure, and associations with co-occurring risk factors. Approximately 30–45% of youth reported intermittent exposure over
the 3 years. In addition to overlap among types of violence exposure within the family, we found overlap between parent-to-youth
aggression and community violence, an association that was exacerbated in families where fathers reported high levels of global
distress symptoms. Mother-to-youth, father-to-youth, and community violence related to youth behavior problems beyond the
contextual risk factors of low income, stressful life events, and parents’ global distress symptoms. These results highlight
the importance of examining violence longitudinally, across multiple types, and with attention to contextual factors. |
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Keywords: | Youth violence exposure Marital aggression Community violence Parent-to-child aggression Measurement of violence |
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