4～6岁儿童人物画结构比例影响因素的比较研究

本研究旨在探索不同文化背景下影响 4～ 6岁儿童人物画结构比例的因素及认知发展的规律。研究分为自由画人与按照规定要求画人两部分。发现多因素导致儿童自由画人结构失调 ,如绘画顺序、空间统筹安排能力、头躯包含的器官以及对其重要性的认识等均会影响儿童自由人物画的头躯比值。儿童能按要求事先安排规定人物画的结构比例 ,根据细节多寡相应加大或缩小人体有关部分 ,如增大躯干部分以容纳夹克衫的纽扣、口袋等细节 ,或相应缩小头的轮廓以示背影等。此外 ,注意与重要性等因素也会对规定人物画结构产生影响。

A Study of Configuration of Person Drawings: Some Comparison between Chinese and British Children Aged from 4 to 6

This study was designed to explore the cognitive process underlying the performance of drawing a person with a cross culture perspactive. Both Chinese and British children aged from 4 to 6 were asked to draw a man freely first. Than they were randomly assigned to one of three conditions to draw a man: the teeth condition, the jacket condition, the back condition, and the twin condition. It was found that the main causes of the disproposition of head and trunk of the drawings were drawing order, spacial cofigural ability, and the importance given to organs of the head or trunk. In both jacket and back conditions, children draw the size of the head or trunk in propotion to the numbers of organs within the picture. For example, children usually leave relative large trunk area for buttons and pockets in jacket condition, and obviously reduced the size of heads in back condition.