学习困难儿童的问题解决特点研究

本研究选取学习困难儿童和正常儿童各 3 2名 ,设置河内塔问题解决的情境 ,采用临床观察法 ,对学习困难儿童在问题解决中的特点作了初步的探究。研究发现 :1与正常儿童相比 ,学习困难儿童在发现和有效运用策略方面明显不足 ,但当学习困难儿童对问题情境比较熟悉后 ,有明显的进步 ;2一定的提示并不能帮助学习困难儿童最有效地应用策略。

Problem Solving Process of Children with Learning Difficulty

This study focused on the problem solving process of children with Learning Difficulty. 64 students participated in the experiment. 32 of them were suffering from learning difficulty and the rest were normal children. All subjects were required to solve the problem of Hanoi tower for three times. The time subject used and his moves of the disks were recorded. Data analysis showed that a) compared to normal children, children with problems found their main difficuties in solving problems in the first trial. They could not effectlvely use strategies and strategy adjustment. However, when they tried again, the familiarity to the task could improve their process of problem solving. b) The instruction seemed have no help in improving their performance. These results conform the assumption that the limited mental resource alocated to the strategy use and adjustment lead to passive and ineffective use of the problem solving strategies.