双语者语言转换中非目标语言的加工机制

语言转换是指双语者由所掌握的一种语言转换到另一种语言的现象, 这一现象近些年来引起了研究者的广泛关注。针对语言转换中双语者在从心理词典中顺利提取所需要的语言(称之为目标语言)时如何加工在当前任务中不使用的那种语言(称之为非目标语言), 研究者进行了大量研究。仔细分析这些研究, 可以看出这些研究主要围绕着3个核心问题: (1)语言转换中双语者使用目标语言时非目标语言是否激活; (2)若非目标语言激活, 这种激活发生在何种层面(概念层面还是词汇层面); (3)激活的非目标语言会对目标语言产生什么样的影响。以此为基础, 本文从语言产生转换和语言理解转换两大领域对相关研究进行了总结和梳理, 最后对未来的语言转换研究进行了展望。

The Processing of the Non-target Language in Language Switching for Bilinguals

Bilingual individuals needed effective mechanisms to switch their different languages in everyday life, which was called language switching. The present review focused on three fundamental issues in the processing of the non-target language in language switching: 1) whether the non-target language was activated when bilinguals intended to use the target language? 2) If the non-target language was activated, then at what level did this activation occur, at the conceptual level or the lexical level? and 3) If the non-target language was activated, then what influence would it exert on the processing of the target language? Based on these three questions, some studies on language switching in language production and language comprehension were reviewed. Finally, the prospects for the future studies were showed.