| 儿童类别学习中知识效应的年龄差异 |
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| 引用本文： | 张阔,阴国恩,王敬欣.儿童类别学习中知识效应的年龄差异[J].心理发展与教育,2005,21(2):75-80. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张阔 阴国恩 王敬欣 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 天津大学职业技术教育学院, 天津, 300072;2. 天津师范大学心理与行为研究中心, 天津, 300074 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部十五规划项目(01JAXLX009)，江西省教育科学十五规划项目(04YB077). |
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| 摘 要： | 采用特征主题的类别学习实验范式,考察了儿童类别学习中知识效应的年龄差异。63名小学4年级学生(年龄范围9～10岁)、65名小学6年级学生(年龄范围11～12岁)和77名初中2年级学生(年龄范围13～14岁)参加了本实验。结果表明:当类别特征能够在已有知识的基础上形成主题时,3个年龄组儿童类别学习的轮次和错误数均显著下降,而且主题突出时,这种趋势更加明显;在统一主题条件下,小学4年级、小学6年级和初中2年级3个年龄组儿童类别学习的轮次和错误数依次减少;而在无主题和突出主题条件下,3个年龄组儿童类别学习的成绩无显著差异。
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| 关 键 词： | 类别学习 知识效应 年龄差异 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-4918(2005)02-0075-80 |
The Age-related Difference of Knowledge Effects in Children's Category Learning |
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| ZHANG Kuo,YIN Guo-en,WANG Jing-xin.The Age-related Difference of Knowledge Effects in Children's Category Learning[J].Psychological Development and Education,2005,21(2):75-80. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Kuo YIN Guo-en WANG Jing-xin |
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| Institution: | 1. School of technical education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072;2. Center of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074 |
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| Abstract: | Following the features-theme paradigm of Kaplan and Murphy,a 3×3 multi-factor experiment is designed to examine the age-related difference of the knowledge effects in children's category learning.And the artificial categories with family resemblance are used as materials.205 students participated in this research,including 3 age groups from 4,6 and 8 grades respectively of primary school and middle school.The results show children would rather construct categories by themes based on prior knowledge than by appearance similarity,especially when the themes are apparent;and the results also indicate the senior group made more advance by prior knowledge than the younger group. |
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| Keywords: | age-related difference knowledge effects category learning |
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