Relational frameworks for recall in young and older adults |
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Authors: | Matthew J Sharps Sandy S Martin Michael A Nunes Michelle Merrill |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, Ms-11, California State University, 93740-8019 Fresno, CA |
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Abstract: | Recent research indicates the presence of an age-related visual processing deficit, for which the elderly may attempt to compensate
through the use of relational information. This hypothesis was tested, using the category superiority effect as a model system.
In studies of young adults, the category superiority effect has been shown to be confined to relatively abstract stimulus
materials, such as verbal items, and to be absent for pictures. However, it was predicted that a category superiority effect
would be present in elderly adults both for verbal and for pictorial stimuli, since the elderly would be expected to utilize
category information to compensate for imagerie deficits. This prediction was confirmed, consistent with the hypothesis advanced
above. It was further suggested that the establishment of a prior framework for recall, based on relational information, would
reduce this effect significantly. This prediction was also confirmed.
This research was supported by Grant AGI 1605, National Institute on Aging, and by a grant from the School of Natural Sciences,
California State University, Fresno. |
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