融通以达变:论钱穆先生对《易传》的诠释

钱穆先生在<易传>的研究上,先从文献入手,发表<论十翼非孔子作>以厘清孔孟旧儒与战国时代新儒的不同;其后发表<易传与小戴礼记中之宇宙论>讲述代表战国新儒思想的<易传>,虽然与孔孟旧儒不同,但仅限于天体宇宙论的建构方面,盖因此领域为道家所擅.<易传>作者吸收道家之长,融通道家宇宙论,转而建立属于儒家的宇宙论,这是值得肯定的转变.正如钱先生文中一再致意的:<易传>虽吸收道家宇宙论的思想,但并未背弃儒家人生论的精髓,所以在吸收过程中皆予以转化,换句话说,便是将老庄自然宇宙观变成儒家德性的宇宙观,以求合于传统儒家的人生哲学.

Communion and transformation:On Mr. QIAN Mu's interpretation to Yi Zhuan

In studying Yi Zhuan (Commentaries on Yi), Mr. QIAN Mu began from clarifying certain documents and published the paper On the Ten Wings Were Not Written by Confucius to differentiate Confucius and Mencius from new Confucianists in the Warring States Period. Later he published the Cosmology in Yi Zhuan and Junior Dai's Records of Rituals to demonstrate that the difference between them was only limited to the celestial cosmology in which the Daoist school was well versed. The authors of Yi Zhuan adopted the Daoist school's cosmology and transformed it into Confucian cosmology. This transformation was worth affirming. Just as Mr. QIAN always insists that, though Yi Zhuan took in the Daoist school's cosmology, it did not go against the essence of Confucian theory for human life. That is to say, the course of adoption was a course of transformation. In other words, he transformed Lao zi and Zhuang zi's natural cosmology to Confucian cosmology for virtues to conform to Confucian philosophy of life.