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The gap effect for eye and hand movements
Authors:Harold Bekkering  Jay Pratt  Richard A Abrams
Institution:1. University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
2. Max-Planck-Institute for Psychological Research, Leopoldstrasse 24, D-80802, München, Germany
3. Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
Abstract:A temporal gap between fixation point offset and stimulus onset typically yields shorter saccadic latencies to the stimulus than if the fixation stimulus remained on. Several researchers have explored the extent to which this gap also reduces latencies of other responses but have failed to find a gap effect isolated from general warning effects. Experiment 1, however, showed a robust gap effect for aimed hand movements (which required determination of a precise spatial location), regardless of whether the hand moved alone or was accompanied by a saccadic eye movement. Experiment 2 replicated this aimed hand gap effect and also showed a smaller effect for choice manual keypress responses (which required determination of the direction of response only). Experiment 3 showed no gap effect for simple manual keypress responses (which required no spatial determination). The results are consistent with an interpretation of the gap effect in terms of facilitation of spatially oriented responses.
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