应对研究的成果、问题与解决办法

应激和应对问题 ,由于同人的心理适应和健康密切相关 ,目前在国外已经成为心理学所有领域中研究最多的一个重要课题。然而 ,该课题的研究 ,特别是关于应对方式及其效果评价的研究 ,存在着较突出的问题。通过对国内 4种最主要的有关学术期刊的检索发现 ,同国外相比 ,国内的应激和应对的研究在数量和质量上均有较明显的差距。文章结合国内外有关研究的现状 ,分析、说明了在应对研究中存在的 5个主要问题 :(1)忽略防御机制的有效评估和在心理适应中的作用 ;(2 )应对方式的评定方法不当 ;(3)在对于应激的影响和应对后果的估价中存在着片面性和策略上的错误 ;(4)应对研究的设计同关于应激和应对的“过程”理论不一致 ;(5 )应对研究同临床实践之间存在着较明显的脱节。作者探讨并提出了对于这些问题的可能的解决办法。

POSITIVE RESULTS, PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS IN COPING RESEARCH

Coping with stress, due to its relation to psychological adaptation and health, has been the most widely studied topic in all fields of contemporary psychology abroad. However, there are more remarkable problems in coping research. In this article, the author reviews and analyses studies on coping over the past 20 years in China, and the following five problems in coping research are discussed: (1) the assessment and roles of defense mechanisms; (2) the assessment of ways of coping; (3) the evaluation of coping outcomes; (4) the designs of coping research; (5) the relationships between coping research and clinical practice. The author analyses and puts forward possible solutions to these problems.