内隐自尊和风险偏好对大学生职业决策的影响

为研究影响大学生职业决策的影响因素和决策有效性，实验一、二分别从决策者心理特征（内隐自尊与风险偏好）和职业方案特征（框架效应与风险水平）入手，考察二者对大学生职业决策行为的影响。结果发现：内隐自尊和风险偏好的高低显著影响大学生择业倾向性；大学生对风险水平不同的职业方案的选择倾向由低到高依次为冒险、折中、保守方案；职业决策存在明显的框架效应。研究表明，大多数大学生倾向于选择保守的职业方案；高风险偏好的大学生倾向于选择冒险的职业方案；高内隐自尊大学生倾向于主动择业；积极表述的职业方案更受大学生所青睐。

The Effects of Implicit Self-Esteem and Risk Preference on College Students’ Career Decision-Making

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of career plans, implicit self-esteem, risk preference and framing effects on students’ career decision-making. A pilot study had been carried out before the formal study. With a self-designed questionnaire, the pilot study had investigated 215 junior and senior students in two universities in Tianjin. The results revealed that the three factors in employment that the students most valued were being in line with their interests, harmonious interpersonal relations and high income. The three most valued vocational skills were, interpersonal skills, professional skills and expertise, and eloquence. The formal study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 examined the impact of implicit self-esteem and career plans on students’ career choice tendency, with a sample of 52 students, and a 2 (implicit self-esteem: high and low)×3 (career plans:risky, moderate and conservative) mixed-design. Experiment 2 examined the impact of risk preference and framing effects on students’ career decision-making, with a sample of 46 students, and a 2 (risk preference:high and low)×2 (framing effects:positive and negative) ×3 (career plans:risky, moderate and conservative) mixed-design.The results revealed that (1) Career plans, implicit self-esteem and risk preference had a significant influence on students’career decision-making. The rate of active career choice tended to increase with the choice of risky, moderate and conservative plans. Students with high implicit self-esteem had a higher active career choice tendency than students with low implicit self-esteem. And students with high risk preference tended to actively make their career decisions. (2) There were interactive effects between risk preference and career plans. Only in the risky plan did students with high risk preference have a higher active career choice tendency than students with low risk preference. And (3) Framing effects had an impact on students’ career decision-making. In the positive portrayed career plan, students had a higher active career decision-making tendency than those in the negative portrayed plan. The study suggested that most students tended to choose a conservative career plan. Students with high risk preference tended to choose a risky career plan, and students with high implicit self-esteem had a higher active career choice tendency than students with a low implicit self-esteem. And a positive portrayed career plan was more likely to be chosen by all students.