Distraction for Pediatric Immunization Pain: A Critical Review |
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Authors: | Melissa?DeMore Email author" target="_blank">Lindsey?L?CohenEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;(2) Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30302-5010, Georgia |
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Abstract: | The paper provides a critical review of distraction for pediatric immunizations in order to determine clinical practicality
and efficacy of this commonly employed intervention. The MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify papers that
included an evaluation of a distraction intervention as a method of pediatric immunization pain management. Fifteen papers
were included in this review. Effect sizes were calculated to estimate the clinical significance of findings. In order to
examine possible differences in effect sizes related to distraction characteristics, chi square analyses were conducted. Results
indicate that distraction is clinically effective in the reduction of pain during pediatric immunizations. Support is found
for behavioral and cognitive explanations of distraction mechanisms. Further, various distraction stimulus characteristics
were found to be associated with the clinical significance of findings.
This article is based on the preliminary examination paper of the first author under the direction of the second, at West
Virginia University. |
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Keywords: | distraction pain pediatric immunizations |
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