Nitric oxide is involved in appetitive but not aversive olfactory learning in the land mollusk Limax valentianus |
| |
Authors: | Yabumoto Taiki Takanashi Fumihito Kirino Yutaka Watanabe Satoshi |
| |
Affiliation: | Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. |
| |
Abstract: | The land slug Limax performs both aversive and appetitive olfactory learning, and we investigated neurotransmitters involved in each type of learning. Slugs were conditioned by presenting a vegetable juice (appetitive conditioning) or a mixture of vegetable juice and quinidine (aversive conditioning), and the latency to reach the juice became shorter (appetitive conditioning) or longer (aversive conditioning) after conditioning. L-NAME injected either before conditioning or testing blocked the reduction in latency in appetitive conditioning but had no significant effects in aversive conditioning. 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine had no significant effects in appetitive conditioning. These results suggest different mechanisms for appetitive and aversive learning. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 PubMed 等数据库收录! |
|