大学生心理控制源与内疚感和羞耻感对反事实思维的影响

研究以128名大学生为研究对象,采用2 (心理控制源: 外控型、内控型)×2 (自我道德感: 内疚感、羞耻感) 两因素被试间实验设计,考察了外控和内控大学生在内疚感和羞耻感两种不同的自我道德情感下反事实思维内容的差异。结果表明:(1) 心理控制源对大学生反事实思维不同内容的诱发具有重要的影响:外控者更倾向于产生行为和情境导向的反事实思维,而内控者更倾向于产生自我导向的反事实思维。内疚感和羞耻感对大学生反事实思维内容的产生没有直接的影响;(2) 反事实思维内容的产生受到了心理控制源与内疚感和羞耻感两种自我道德情感的交互影响:外控者在羞耻感的启动条件下比在内疚感的启动条件下表现出了更多的行为和情境导向的反事实思维,而内控者在内疚感的启动条件下比在羞耻感的条件下表现出了更多的自我导向的反事实思维。研究结果有助于解释以中西方不同被试而得出的内疚感和羞耻感与反事实思维关系的矛盾结论。

The Effects of Locus of Control and Guilt and Shame on Counterfactual Thinking

The present study aimed to investigate the role of locus of control and self-oriented moral emotions (guilt and shame) in inducing the counterfactual thinking. 128 college students were first divided into two groups of high and low locus of control based on their scores on an Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (IE), they were then randomly assigned to conditions in which they were primed with either guilt or shame. After the guilt and shame priming procedure, participants were induced to generate counterfactual thinking. In this study a 2 (Locus of Control: external control and internal control) ×2 (Self-Moral Emotion: guilt and shame) experimental design were adopted. The results indicated that: (1) Locus of control had significantly effect on counterfactual thinking, external control participants generated more action and situational-oriented counterfactual thinking, but internal control participant generated more self-oriented counterfactual thinking. But guilt and shame had no significant effect on counterfactual thinking. (2) The generation of counterfactual thinking was influenced jointly by locus of control and self-oriented moral emotions (guilt and shame): For participants of external control, there were more likely to an action and situation-oriented counterfactual thinking in shame emotion than in guilt emotion, but for participants of internal control, there were more likely to a self-oriented counterfactual thinking in guilt emotion than in shame emotion. The results can also explain the contradiction thinking of relationship between guilt and shame and counterfactual thinking of previous studies based on different participants.