不可信面孔在视知觉加工中的注意偏向：来自眼动的证据

使用眼动追踪技术探究个体对同时呈现的可信和不可信面孔的视知觉加工差异, 以及注意偏向与可信和不可信面孔的记忆关系。结果发现：(1)被试再认不可信面孔成绩要好于可信面孔; (2)首注视点更多地偏向于不可信面孔, 并且落在不可信面孔上的总注视时间/注视点个数更长/多; (3)回归分析表明首注视点偏向能预测不可信面孔的再认优势。结果表明人们对不可信面孔产生更多的注意警觉与维持, 并且对不可信面孔的警觉能预测不可信面孔的记忆优势。

Attentional Bias to Untrustworthy Faces: Evidence From Eye Tracking Data

Individuals’ attention and memory biases to untrustworthy faces, and the relationship between them were explored in this study. In encoding phase, one trustworthy face and one untrustworthy face were presented simultaneously to undergraduate participants, while their gaze behavior (i.e., fixation duration, number of fixations) during face viewing was assessed. After the encoding phase, the participants underwent a test of recognizing the previously presented faces. The test was not expected by the participants. The results showed that: (1) in the encoding phase, the participants were more likely to direct their initial fixation toward untrustworthy faces than trustworthy faces, and spend more fixations on untrustworthy faces than trustworthy faces; (2) in the recognition task, the participants were more accurate in recognizing untrustworthy faces than trustworthy faces; (3) regression analyses indicated that initial fixation preference to untrustworthy faces had a significant effect on advantage in recognizing untrustworthy faces. Our results indicated that people show attentional vigilance and attentional maintenance towards untrustworthy faces compared with trustworthy faces, and attentional vigilance to untrustworthy faces may account for enhanced recall of untrustworthy faces.