The neural control of mood: the possible role of the adrenergic system in the medulla |
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Authors: | Smythies John |
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Institution: | Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California, San Diego, United States;Department of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | Mood in humans is a complex phenomenon that integrates emotion (e.g. happiness and sadness), cognition, perception, ideation, and action in a coherent manner. In bipolar disorder extremes of mood (up or down) occur outside the normal range, in which all the above functions are coherently affected. Mood is controlled by a series of separate but interactive brain circuits that involve much of the brain, but particularly the limbic system. The question addressed in this paper is whether the coordination of all these separate systems into one coherent functional mood is mediated by non-linear dynamics acting between these systems as equal participants; or whether it is affected by a single master regulator controlling the others. The possible roles, as master regulators, of non-linear dynamically linked populations of neurons, and of the C1–C3 adrenergic nuclei in the medulla is discussed. |
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Keywords: | Mood Bipolar disorder Mania Depression Approach/retreat behavior C1&ndash C3 adrenergic medullary nuclei Neuromodulators |
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