前提项目间差异对儿童归纳推理多样性效应的影响

通过两个实验深入探讨了前提项目间差异对儿童归纳推理多样性效应的表现水平的影响。结果发现:(1)多样性效应受多样组和非多样组之间差异(前提项目间差异)大小的影响,在减小两组差异的前提下,5～6岁儿童尚未表现出多样性效应;除个别任务外,8～9岁儿童表现出多样性效应(实验1)。(2)对前提图片的形状差异进行数量化处理后发现,儿童在归纳推理多样性效应任务上的归纳判断力度随前提项目间差异的增大而增强;在前提项目间差异很小的情况下,10～12岁儿童也没有运用多样性信息进行推理;当前提项目间差异很大时,被试表现出多样性效应(实验2)。

The Effect of Difference between Premises on Diversity-based Reasoning of Children

This research studied and discussed the possible effect of the differences between premises on diversitybased reasoning,and examined the development of diversity-based reasoning of children as well. During our studies,two experiments were designed. 32 children aged 56 and 32 children aged 89 participated in experiment 1,while 51 children aged 1012 participated in experiment 2. As differences between premises reducing,children aged 56 consistently failed to consider sample diversity in inductive reasoning,bu...