Serotonin: Modulator of a drive to withdraw |
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| Institution: | 1. Medical School University of Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Sestre milosrdnice, HR-Vinogradska cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, HR-Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;3. Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Medical School University of Zagreb, HR-Salata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;4. Medical School University of Zagreb, University Hospital Zagreb, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic, HR-Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;5. Institute of Immunology, HR-Rockefellerova 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;6. Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, HR-Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia |
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| Abstract: | Serotonin is a fundamental neuromodulator in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems, with a suspected role in many human mental disorders. Yet, because of the complexity of serotonergic function, researchers have been unable to agree on a general theory. One function suggested for serotonin systems is the avoidance of threat. We propose and review evidence for an alternative hypothesis, that a phylogenetically primitive of function of serotonin is to oppose the activating neuromodulators (particularly noradrenalin and dopamine). The functional effect of this opposition can be seen as applying a drive to withdraw from dangerous, aversive or high stimulation environments. Proposing that serotonin is involved in a drive to withdraw and seek contentment, instead of a drive to avoid, may be compatible with several lines of evidence on serotonin function and may facilitate a better understanding of serotonergic neuromodulation in human psychopathology. |
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