Executive functions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom;2. Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom;3. Department of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9AJ, United Kingdom;1. School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;2. Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Wayside House, Wilsons Lane, Coventry, CV6 6NY, United Kingdom;3. School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;4. CMHWR and Mental Health and Wellbeing Unit, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;5. School of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom;1. Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;2. La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia;3. John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio;4. Stanford University, California;5. University of Western Australia, Perth;6. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;7. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;1. Boston Children''s Hospital, Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1 Autumn Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA;2. Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA;3. University of Washington Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;4. Seattle Children''s Research Institute, 1900 99thth Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA;1. Institute of Cognitive Science, CNRS, Lyon, France;2. Dept. of Linguistics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;3. Dept. of Psycholinguistics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;1. Department of Psychology, Social Work and Counselling, University of Greenwich, London, Avery Hill Road, SE9 2UG, UK;2. Psychology Department, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 7 George Square, EH8 9JZ, UK;3. Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, 18b Trumpington Road, CB2 8AH, UK |
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| Abstract: | Executive dysfunction is a characteristic impairment of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). However whether such deficits are related to autism per se, or to associated intellectual disability is unclear. This paper examines executive functions in a group of children with ASD (N = 54, all IQ⩾70) in relation to a typically developing control group individually matched on the basis of age, gender, IQ and vocabulary. Significant impairments in the inhibition of prepotent responses (Stroop, Junior Hayling Test) and planning (Tower of London) were reported for children with ASD, with preserved performance for mental flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Task) and generativity (Verbal Fluency). Atypical age-related patterns of performance were reported on tasks tapping response inhibition and self-monitoring for children with ASD compared to controls. The disparity between these and previous research findings are discussed. A multidimensional notion of executive functions is proposed, with difficulties in planning, the inhibition of prepotent responses and self-monitoring reflecting characteristic features of ASD that are independent of IQ and verbal ability, and relatively stable across the childhood years. |
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