Status and Gender: The Paradox of Progress in an Age of Narcissism |
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Authors: | Jean M Twenge |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4611, USA
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Abstract: | As women have gained status in Western cultures in the last few decades, they have increasingly endorsed stereotypically masculine instrumental/assertive traits. However, men have also endorsed these traits at a higher frequency and show only a weak trend toward embracing more stereotypically feminine expressive/communal traits. Overall, Western cultures have moved toward valuing instrumental/assertive traits and devaluing expressive/communal traits. The paradox of progress is that women’s status has increased at the same time that the expressive/communal traits traditionally ascribed to them have become devalued. Groups aiming to empower girls and women should consider scaling back the emphasis on instrumental/assertive traits and teaching both genders the value of expressive/communal traits. |
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