心理疲劳对射击运动员整体局部加工的不同影响

采用整体—局部任务范式，通过事件相关电位技术（ERPs）同时结合问卷测量，考察心理疲劳对射击运动员整体加工和局部加工产生的影响。12名射击运动员参加实验。首先通过目标追踪任务诱发心理疲劳，然后使用心理疲劳问卷评估心理疲劳程度，再让被试进行整体—局部加工任务。结果发现：（1）目标追踪任务能够有效地诱发心理疲劳；（2）射击运动员完成整体知觉任务的反应时更快，准确率更高；（3）在心理疲劳状态下，射击运动员对整体知觉任务中一致条件的反应更快，准确率更高，在额区和中央区引发的N2、P3波幅更高；但是，对局部知觉任务中一致和不一致条件的反应时和准确率以及N2、P3波幅之间的差异不显著。这些结果表明，心理疲劳对整体和局部加工有着不同的影响。整体加工相对自动化，受心理疲劳的影响较小，而局部加工依赖于有意搜索，受心理疲劳的影响较大。研究揭示了心理疲劳对于注意的局部加工的影响及其神经关联，对未来射击运动员特定干预措施设计具有启发意义。

Asymmetry of mental fatigue on global and local processing among rifle shooters

In this study, we investigated whether working on object tracking tasks which induces mentalfatiguehad a subsequent differential effect on globaland local processing.Twelve rifle shooters under mentalfatigue performed a globaland local processing task. Reaction time, number of errors, and event-related brain potentials were recorded. The following results are concluded. (1) Objecttracking tasks can effectively induce mentalfatigue of twelve rifle shooters. (2)Compared to local processing, fatigued shooters showed faster and more accurate performance on global processing. (3) Fatigued shooters were unable to inhibit automatic shifting ofattention to local stimuli on globalprocessing task, implied by a larger negativity in the frontal-central N2/P3 for local compared to global stimuli. (4) Fatigued shootersshowed compromised local processing and disturbed automatic shifting ofattention to local stimuli on localprocessing task. Thelarger negativity of frontal-central N2/P3 for local stimuli could not be found. These results indicate that mentalfatigue selectively influencesglobaland local processing. Compared to automatic global processing, local processing is more likely to be disturbed by mental fatigue in top-down style.